Reverse osmosis removes chlorine, salt, PFAS, and dissolved solids like arsenic and fluoride through the RO membrane. RO systems also include sediment and carbon filtration for a broad spectrum of reduction. The carbon filters in an RO system remove chlorine, bad taste, and foul odors, and the sediment filter removes dirt and debris.
The contaminants listed are some of the most popular ones treated with an RO system, but the system also removes a slew of other contaminants. Reverse osmosis systems do not remove some bacteria and viruses. If your water comes from a city treatment plant, then it should already be microbiologically safe. Reverse osmosis may remove some bacteria, but bacteria could grow on the membrane and potentially enter your water supply. To remove living organisms and viruses, we recommend UV disinfection.
Learn more: How to remove bacteria from your drinking water
What pretreatment does a reverse osmosis system need?
Pretreatment can greatly extend the life of a reverse osmosis membrane when water quality is poor. When certain minerals, bacteria, chemicals, or other substances contaminate water as it flows through an RO membrane, they can absorb or form deposits on the membrane. The buildup of contaminants in an RO membrane is known as membrane fouling, and the forming of inorganic deposits is known as membrane scaling. To prevent membrane fouling and scaling, you must remove the contaminants before they can harm your RO membrane. Different contaminants require different pretreatment solutions, so you must know the makeup of your water before deciding on an appropriate pretreatment system. Well water, for example, will need more thorough prefiltration than city-treated water.
When the hard water enters into the mineral tank, it flows through a bed of spherical resin beads. These plastic beads, usually made from polystyrene, are charged with a sodium ion. The resin beads are anions, meaning they have a negative charge. The calcium and magnesium minerals have a positive charge, making them cations. Since opposite charges attract, the negative charge of the minerals is attracted to the positive charge of the resin beads. As the hard water passes through the resin, the beads grab ahold of the mineral ions and remove them from the water. When the bead seizes the mineral ion, the sodium ion is released. The column of resin strips all the hardness out of the water as it passes through the mineral tank, and softened water flows out into your home.